Theoretical cesium curie content of 8-1-0 curies 134 Cs and 8973 curies 137 Cs. Measured cesium curie content, decay corrected to 8-1-84, ranged from 18170-24480 curies of 134 Cs and 8620-11646 curies of 137 Cs. Gamma spectral data were measured on the nine sectioned Mark 42 fuel assemblies. Total cesium curie content was also requested and determined using the NDA direct measurements. These measured values compare to a theoretical ratio of 1.7 on 8-1-84 determined by burnup calculations. The measured 134/ 137 Cs ratio range was 1.90-2.14 for all nine assemblies. The measured 134/ 137 Cs ratio was decay corrected to be 2.11 on 8-1-84 based on the half lives of 134 Cs and 137 Cs. 134/ 137 Cs ratios were determined from the measured activity based on corrected net peak area counts for the 605 keV peak from 134 Cs and the 662 keV peak from 137 Cs/ 137m Ba. The purpose of the ratio measurement was to confirm theoretical burnup calculations. Nondestructive assay (NDA) gamma spectroscopy techniques were used to measure 134/ 137 Cs ratios on nine PuAl Mark 42 fuel assemblies. (auteurs)ĭetermination of curie content and 134/ 137 cesium ratios by gamma spectroscopy of high burnup plutonium-aluminum fuel assemblies Le Fleche, Ph Destombe, C Grasseau, A Mathieu, J Chancerelle, Y Mestries, J C [GMR, Direction des Recherches, Etudes et Techniques, 94 - Arcueil (France)Ĭesium radio-isotopes, especially cesium- 137 ( permettent la determination de cet element. (author)ĭecorporation of cesium- 137 Decorporation du cesium- 137Įnergy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) 4) In combined therapy (60 cases) arterial infusion group revealed 29 cases and 10 cases of operative group, 11 cases of well prognostic group respectively. 3) The cases of radiation only therapeutic group (5000-7000 rad) revealed 61 cases (41.2%) and pre and post operative radiation group (1000-3000 rad) revealed 36 cases (24.3%). 2) Laryngeal cancer (34%) maxillary cancer (20.7%) and tongue cancer (12%) occupied high incidence in classification of disease. The following results were observed: 1) Age distribution showed predilection in fifth and decades and sex ratio revealed higher in male than female about 4 times. Author has clinically observed of 150 cases of cesium- 137 therapy on head and neck malignancies from Jan. Its half life of about 30 years is an advantage over that of cobalt-60, but cesium- 137 is lower, and the specific activity is much less. Cesium- 137 emits gamma rays at 0.663 MeV. Cesium- 137 is a radioactive nuclide available as a fission product from nuclear reactions. There is a voluminous amount of information pertaining to these matters. In radiation therapy, many fundamental physical and biological facts and theories must be applied in order to establish a scientific level of practice. International Nuclear Information System (INIS) When sodium reacts with water, sodium hydroxide is formed, which is a very strong base, and the medium becomes alkaline.Therapeutic effects of cesium- 137 radiation in head and neck malignancy substances that change their color when the hydrogen index of the medium changes. Phenolphthalein, indigo carmine and thymol blue are acid base indicators, i.e. Additionally, the energy of this reaction is sufficient to ignite the hydrogen released! The reaction of sodium with water takes place with an enormous release of heat, which is sufficient to melt metal and turn it into a bead, which is actually a ball of dissolved metal. When it reacts with water, hydrogen is released, which makes the sodium start “running”. ![]() ![]() If you throw a small piece of sodium into a bowl of water containing an acid base indicator, you’ll see an impressive effect: the sodium starts to speed across the surface, and it also dissolves, forming a bead which can even ignite, turning into a fiery ball! ![]() When water makes contact with sodium the reaction often takes place with an explosion. Sodium is a very reactive metal, and can force hydrogen out of water. Watch the change of color in all three bowls. Pour water into the glass bowls, then add the indicator solutions – phenolphthalein to the first, indigo carmine to the second and thymol blue to the third.
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